Heavy metals water
Heavy metals in water have atomic weights of 63.5 to 200.6 and specific gravity greater than 5. With the rapid expansion of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer, tannery, battery, paper and pesticide industries, the discharge of heavy metals directly or indirectly has increased, especially in developing countries.
Heavy metals in water have atomic weights of 63.5 to 200.6 and specific gravity greater than 5. With the rapid expansion of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer, tannery, battery, paper and pesticide industries, the discharge of heavy metals directly or indirectly has increased, especially in developing countries. Unlike organic compounds, heavy metal ions are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms, many of which are toxic or carcinogenic. Toxic heavy metals are of particular concern in the treatment of water and wastewater containing zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, lead and chromium. Overall, +500 Cr6 is equal to Semit + + Cr3. Cr + 6 affects human physiology, accumulates in the food chain and causes health problems ranging from simple skin irritation to lung cancer. Copper (II) is an essential element for plants and animals, but its high levels are toxic to all living organisms. People exposed to the metal may develop Wilson's disease, hepatitis cirrhosis, brain damage, kidney disease, and copper deposition in the cornea]. [3 Therefore, Environmental Protection Agency) (EPA Maximum + MC + concentration + (Cu2 in drinking water supply facilities, respectively, 0.05 and 1mg / L, respectively. They are the most serious environmental crises.Many methods such as chemical precipitation, exchange, adsorption, membrane smoothing, electrochemical purification technologies are used to remove heavy metal ions.These methods are different in terms of efficiency and cost. Reverse and other methods Ultrafiltration, electrochemical precipitation, when contaminants are present in small amounts, are not very efficient and are not economically viable due to their high cost. Aq Are random, was. In general, physicochemical treatment methods have several advantages such as fast process, easy operation and control, and flexibility in the presence of temperature change. Coagulation and flocculation along with sedimentation and filtration is one of the methods of heavy metals in water that is used to remove heavy metals from water and wastewater. This process, as a widely used water treatment technology, can speed up the process of flocculation and deposition of colloids and metals and is easier to operate and less expensive. In fact, coagulation, destabilization of colloids by neutralizing the forces that It takes care of each other. Many coagulants are widely used in conventional purification processes such as alum, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride with the aim of effectively removing particles and water impurities by neutralizing the charge of particles and trapping impurities on metal hydroxide deposits. In the past, it has been used in water treatment to reduce turbidity, color, and to remove pathogens. Various mechanisms in the removal of contaminants, such as a combination of charge neutralization, trapping, adsorption, and complexation with coagulants on coagulants, are used. . Flocculation is the act of polymers to bridge between flakes and bond particles to dense clumps. When suspended particles coagulate on larger particles, they can usually be removed or disassembled by smoothing or flotation. Newer flocculants such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl) (PFS and polyacrylamide) (PAM) are now used. Due to the presence of polymeric species, PFS has a high cationic charge, which can improve the charge neutralization capacity and therefore make it more efficient than conventional coagulants at lower doses. So far, few studies have been performed on the removal of copper and chromite from polycalcite The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the concentration of metals and the coagulant efficiency of modern polyphosphate sulfate (PFS) with lime on the removal of chromium and copper elements from drinking water in both simple and competitive systems. The vacuum felt in this field has been done in order to treat heavy metals contaminated with heavy metals due to the discharge of industrial effluents to surface water sources in a relatively cheap and at the same time highly efficient way.